Blood In Stool During Pregnancy – Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

Blood in the stool during pregnancy can be frightening. But if the quantity of blood is small then there is nothing to be alarmed about. Changes in bowel movements are very common, particularly during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Causes Of Blood In Stool During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, the blood may appear in the stool because of several reasons:

Constipation

The most common cause of blood in the stool during pregnancy is constipation. Most women experience constipation while they are pregnant. It could either be mild or even can be very severe where passing stool turns into a painful experience.

Some reasons why pregnant women feel constipated are:

Not having enough fiber in the daily diet
Less intake of water and other fluids
Intake of high dosage of iron supplements

Pregnancy hormone progesterone along with other muscles will relax the stomach and intestinal muscle. The wavy movement of the muscle is interrupted and the food moves relatively slower. This, when coupled with a low intake of water and fiber, can result in constipation.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause distress and bleeding. It is quite common during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. The size of hemorrhoids varies from the size of a peanut to a size of a grape.

It may remain inside the rectum or could project through the anus. It can lead to rectal bleeding, particularly during the bowel movement resulting in the bloody stool.

Hemorrhoids are caused due to:

The straining during the bowel movement can cause hemorrhoids. Therefore, constipation, which is common in the course of pregnancy, can cause or worsen the hemorrhoids
The pressure is put by the uterus on blood vessels that receives blood from the lower part of the body. This slows down the blood flow from the lower part of the body towards the heart. This results in increased pressure on the veins below the uterus, making it dilated, and swollen resulting in hemorrhoids

Anal Fistula

A fistula is a passage between the rectum area to the skin around the anus. Persistent discharge of pus or blood through the opening in the anal skin is one of the significant symptoms of anal fistula

Anal Fissure

An anal fissure is an exceptionally painful and severe state in which there are cuts in the anal area. Even a little strain in the anal area during passing the stool can result in the cracking of the fissure resulting in blood in the stool.

Anal fissure develops due to:

Hardened, large stool due to constipation
Secondary infection in the anal area
Trauma caused in the anal area

Anal Tear

Anal fissure gets worse, become bigger, and gives way to anal tear. An anal tear is associated with blood in the stool

Diverticulosis

Diverticula are little pockets that project from the wall of the colon and are generally known as diverticula. Sometimes it can be infected, swollen lead to bleeding, and this condition is called diverticulosis. If this happens, you can spot blood in your stool

Polyps and Cancer

Bleeding from the rectal area is can also be due to cancer. Polyps are benign growth that occurs in the colon and when these polyps become big in size, they can cause bleeding. Some of these polyps can turn cancerous

Proctitis and Colitis: Sometimes the rectum or the colon can get inflamed which can result in ulcers. The swelling in the rectum is referred to as proctitis and the swelling in the colon is known as colitis. There are many reasons that could cause ulcers on the inside surface of the bowel area. These ulcers can cause bleeding and you can see spots of blood in the stool

Symptoms Of Blood In Stool During Pregnancy

Darkish, reddish, or maroon-colored stool
Pain in the rectal area while passing stool
Bright red spots of blood in the stool
Sometimes you may feel dizzy while passing stool
Sometimes, your doctor may ask you to go for a stool test, and the result may come back as positive for an occult blood loss. It means that there is blood present in your stool, but you are not able to see it

When Should You Tell Your Doctor About Blood In Stool During Pregnancy?

Blood in the stool is a very normal phenomenon during pregnancy. Therefore, spotting a little quantity like a few drops of blood in the stool is nothing to be stressed about! Also, make sure that the blood is not from the vaginal area. Once you are certain that the blood is just from your rectal area and not from your vagina, it is not something you should be worried about.

Obviously, you need to keep your doctor updated regarding any changes that you see throughout pregnancy. So don’t forget to mention this on your next visit or over the next phone call. But here are some situations when you should contact your doctor immediately:

If you are not sure the blood is coming from the rectal area and worried it could also be from your vagina
If you are not suffering from constipation and have not experienced any discomfort while passing stool but still you are spotting the blood in the stool
In case you feel severe pain in the abdomen, fever, nausea, and vomiting along with bloody stool
If you experience excessive bleeding that more blood than a few drops in the stool
If you experience diarrhea along with blood in stool for more than two days
In case you have difficulty passing stools and have not passed stools for a few days
If you have no control over your bowel movement that is involuntarily passing stools even while you are not in the washroom
If you are suddenly losing weight without any apparent reason and also spot blood in your stool

Treatment For Blood In Stool During Pregnancy?

Here are some measures, which helps to alleviate the discomfort and pain that come hand in hand with blood in stool:

If the underlying issue is constipation, the doctor will suggest some measures for keeping constipation at bay like drinking more water, including more fiber in your diet, regular exercise, etc.
The doctor will prescribe some ointments to apply in fissures or anal tears to heal the skin
Cold compresses and warm sitz baths can offer relief from rectal bleeding caused by hemorrhoids
Safe topical anesthetic (to numb the rectal area) prescribed by your doctor also helps to diminish the pain
Always wash the rectal area gently after every bowel movement and dry it tenderly with a soft unscented tissue

Your doctor can also suggest you some probiotic formulas that can also reduce the pressure you experience while passing stool which can cause blood in the stool. These supplements may lead to an improvement in your bowel function. Probiotics are considered very safe and thus can be consumed without any concern even in your pregnancy

Blood In Stool During Pregnancy – Causes, Symptoms And Treatment